| name | Tretinoin (Retin-A) |
| classification | Vitamin A derivative, topical retinoid |
| pharmacokinetics | Tretinoin is a lipid-soluble retinoid that readily penetrates the skin. It is metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes in the liver and is primarily excreted in the bile. The exact pharmacokinetic profile can vary based on formulation and patient factors. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly based on the specific condition being treated and the individual patient's response. The typical starting dose is usually very low (e.g., a small amount applied once daily, or a small portion applied twice weekly) and gradually increased over time as tolerated by the skin. This is crucial to avoid skin irritation. Consult a dermatologist for specific dosing instructions. |
| indications | Topical tretinoin is used for:
* Acne vulgaris
* Photoaging (wrinkles, fine lines, age spots)
* Actinic keratosis
* Some types of psoriasis
* Comedonal acne |
| safety in pregnancy | Tretinoin is contraindicated during pregnancy. It's considered a pregnancy category X drug. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraception while taking this medication. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Tretinoin is not recommended for use during breastfeeding due to potential transfer to the infant. Consult with a healthcare professional for alternative treatment options. |
| side effects | Common side effects may include:
* Skin irritation (dryness, redness, peeling, burning)
* Increased sun sensitivity (it's crucial to use sunscreen).
* Exacerbation of existing skin conditions.
* Rarely, more serious side effects may include:
* Skin infections
* Contact dermatitis |
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to tretinoin or other retinoids
* Active skin infections at the application site.
* Severe skin conditions (e.g., severe eczema, severe psoriasis)
* Severe liver disease | | 2 | Pregnancy |
|
| interactions | Tretinoin may interact with other topical medications or systemic medications. Consult with a healthcare provider about other medications you are taking, especially topical or those affecting liver function. Increased sun sensitivity may increase risk of interactions with certain other medications as well. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Begin with a low dose and gradually increase over time to avoid skin irritation.
* Use sunscreen with an SPF 30 or higher consistently, especially during sun exposure.
* Inform your dermatologist of any other medications, supplements, or skin conditions you have.
* Be aware of possible increased sun sensitivity, and take precautions. Avoid excessive sun exposure, and apply sunblock regularly.
* Do not use other topical medications to the area at the same time, without consultation with a doctor. | | 2 | Patient age and weight don't affect dosage unless other medical conditions are present |
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| additional informations | Tretinoin should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare professional, particularly a dermatologist. It's important to follow all instructions carefully and report any unusual side effects. Proper skin care is important while using tretinoin, including moisturizing regularly. The effects of tretinoin can take weeks to months to be noticeable. Be patient and consistent with treatment. |
