| name | Topical Retinoids (e.g., tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene) |
| classification | Topical Keratolytics, Acne Treatments, Anti-aging |
| pharmacokinetics | Topical retinoids are applied directly to the skin. They are poorly absorbed systemically, but some absorption does occur. The active metabolites are primarily metabolized by the liver and excreted in the urine and bile. The rate and extent of absorption may vary depending on the specific retinoid, formulation, and patient characteristics. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly depending on the specific retinoid, condition being treated, and patient response. It's crucial to follow the instructions provided by the prescribing dermatologist or healthcare professional. Generally, treatment often starts with a low concentration and frequency, gradually increasing as tolerated. Common starting points include once daily application, then progressing to twice daily if needed, and use of a lower concentration topical retinoid, then increasing the strength gradually over several weeks. |
| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris (mild to moderate) | | 2 | Photoaging (e.g., wrinkles, fine lines, uneven skin tone) | | 3 | Actinic keratosis | | 4 | Solar lentigines (liver spots) |
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| safety in pregnancy | **Category C**. Topical retinoids should be avoided during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Limited human data exists, and animal studies have shown adverse effects on developing fetuses. Thorough discussion with a doctor is essential. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Some studies indicate low levels of systemic absorption. However, the potential effects on the infant are still uncertain. Topical retinoids are generally considered safe during breastfeeding in low concentrations and with appropriate use. It's crucial to discuss the use with a doctor or lactation consultant. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (e.g., redness, dryness, peeling, burning, stinging) | | 2 | Increased photosensitivity (sunburn) | | 3 | Pruritus (itching) | | 4 | Eczema-like reactions | | 5 | Telangiectasias (small blood vessels on the skin) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to topical retinoids or any of their ingredients | | 2 | Active skin infections or inflammatory skin conditions (unless directed by a doctor) | | 3 | Severe skin disorders (e.g., severe eczema) |
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| interactions | Topical retinoids may increase the absorption of certain topical medications. It's crucial to inform your physician about all medications, supplements, and herbal remedies you're using. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Avoid using other topical medications on the same area of skin, if possible, while using topical retinoids. | | 2 | Gradually increase the frequency and concentration of topical retinoids. | | 3 | Avoid excessive sun exposure during and after use. Use sunscreen with a high SPF. | | 4 | Use a moisturizing lotion or cream to maintain skin hydration | | 5 | Patients with pre-existing skin conditions or underlying health issues should discuss their use with a healthcare provider. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Important to tailor the treatment based on the specific patient's condition, skin type, and response. | | 2 | Regular follow-up with a healthcare professional is crucial to monitor treatment efficacy and manage potential side effects. | | 3 | Retinoids can make skin more sensitive and prone to irritation, so starting slowly is important. | | 4 | Some retinoids can improve skin tone and texture, reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles, but these effects are usually gradual. |
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| patient specific notes | | 1 | Age and weight are not direct factors for dosage, but they can influence how a person responds to treatment. | | 2 | A 25-year-old male weighing 70kg is a relatively healthy age range and body weight, so precautions should be standard, but potential underlying health factors should be considered. |
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