| name | Topical Retinoids (e.g., Tretinoin) |
| classification | Keratolytic, Anti-inflammatory, Anti-aging |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Topical retinoids are primarily absorbed through the skin, with varying degrees depending on the formulation and concentration. Absorption is usually low but can be higher in areas with compromised skin barrier. | | distribution | Retinoids are distributed throughout the skin. The mechanism of action likely involves interaction with intracellular receptors, although the exact distribution in the body is not fully understood. | | metabolism | Retinoids are metabolized in the liver and other tissues. The primary metabolites have varying degrees of activity. | | excretion | Metabolized retinoids are excreted primarily via the liver and kidneys. |
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| suggested dosage | | note | Dosage and frequency of topical retinoids should be individualized based on the patient's skin condition and response. Always follow the prescription instructions and doctor's recommendations. | | examples | | 1 | | strength | 0.025% tretinoin | | frequency | Once daily at bedtime |
| | 2 | | strength | 0.05% tretinoin | | frequency | Once or twice weekly | | note | Starting low and increasing gradually is common |
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| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris (mild to moderate) | | 2 | Actinic keratoses | | 3 | Photoaging | | 4 | Hyperpigmentation | | 5 | Wrinkles and fine lines |
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| safety in pregnancy | Retinoids are pregnancy category C. They are not recommended for use during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Consult a healthcare professional. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data on retinoid use during breastfeeding. Avoid use during breastfeeding unless strictly necessary and under direct medical supervision. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (e.g., dryness, redness, burning, peeling) | | 2 | Photosensitivity (increased skin reaction to sunlight) | | 3 | Exacerbation of existing skin conditions (e.g., eczema) | | 4 | Mild acneiform eruptions during initial use (often temporary) | | 5 | Erythema (redness) | | 6 | Papules (small bumps) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to retinoids | | 2 | Active skin infections or lesions in the treatment area | | 3 | Severe skin conditions (dermatitis, etc.) | | 4 | Severe skin reactions from previous retinoid use | | 5 | Open wounds in the treatment area |
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| interactions | | 1 | | type | Drug interactions | | description | Some retinoids may interact with other topical or systemic medications (e.g., certain sunscreens, antibiotics). Discuss potential interactions with other medications with your physician. |
| | 2 | | type | Photosensitizing medications | | description | Retinoids can increase photosensitivity, so avoid prolonged sun exposure and use appropriate sunscreens. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Start with a low concentration and frequency, increasing gradually as tolerated | | 2 | Apply a thin layer to the affected skin area only | | 3 | Use sunscreen daily, even on cloudy days | | 4 | Avoid contact with eyes, mouth, and mucous membranes. | | 5 | Inform your doctor about any other medical conditions or medications you are taking | | 6 | Avoid use during acute inflammatory skin conditions. |
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| additional information | | 1 | Retinoids may take several weeks or months to show noticeable effects. | | 2 | Consistent use is key for achieving results. Do not discontinue use without consulting your physician. | | 3 | Retinoids can be effective for treating acne, but it's important to address any underlying hormonal factors or related conditions. | | 4 | Proper skin care routine is vital. Moisturize skin regularly. |
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| patient specific details | | age | 25 | | weight | 70 kg | | note | Dosage and regimen should be determined by a healthcare professional based on individual patient characteristics and skin conditions. |
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