| name | Topical Retinoids |
| classification | Keratolytics, Topical anti-acne agents |
| pharmacokinetics | Topical retinoids are primarily absorbed locally, with minimal systemic absorption. Their efficacy depends on penetration into the skin and interaction with target cells. Absorption varies significantly by formulation and individual factors. Metabolism is primarily localized in the skin and liver. |
| suggested dosage | | note | Dosage and frequency depend heavily on the specific retinoid, formulation, and patient response. Always follow the prescribing information and consult with a dermatologist or physician. | | examples | | 1 | | retinoid | Tretinoin 0.025% | | frequency | Once daily at bedtime | | duration | May take several weeks to months for clinical improvement |
| | 2 | | retinoid | Adapalene 0.1% | | frequency | Once daily at bedtime | | duration | May take several weeks to months for clinical improvement |
| | 3 | | retinoid | Tazarotene 0.1% | | frequency | Once daily at bedtime or as directed | | duration | May take several weeks to months for clinical improvement |
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| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris (mild to moderate) | | 2 | Photoaging | | 3 | Actinic keratosis | | 4 | Hyperpigmentation (some topical retinoids) | | 5 | Wrinkles and fine lines (some topical retinoids) |
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| safety in pregnancy | Topical retinoids are generally considered safe for use in pregnancy, with a low likelihood of causing harm to the developing fetus. However, they should not be used if a woman is trying to get pregnant or is pregnant as it can cause possible skin irritations. Consult a doctor before use, especially during pregnancy or lactation. Avoid contact with the eyes and mucous membranes. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Some studies suggest that topical retinoids may be present in breast milk in very small amounts, but the significance of this is unclear. Due to uncertainty, consult with a doctor about use. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (erythema, dryness, scaling, burning) | | 2 | Photosensitivity (increased sun sensitivity) | | 3 | Skin peeling (desquamation) | | 4 | Mild temporary stinging | | 5 | Rarely: Allergic reactions | | 6 | Rarely: Contact dermatitis |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known allergy to any ingredient in the topical retinoid | | 2 | Active skin conditions like eczema or psoriasis | | 3 | Severe skin conditions | | 4 | Open wounds or lesions on the skin |
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| interactions | Some retinoids may interact with other topical medications or systemic medications. Consult a healthcare professional to ensure safety. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Start with a low concentration and frequency to minimize initial skin irritation. | | 2 | Use sunscreen daily when using topical retinoids. | | 3 | Avoid sun exposure during peak hours. | | 4 | Do not use other topical skin products without discussing with a healthcare provider. | | 5 | Stop use if skin irritation becomes severe. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Topical retinoids can improve skin texture, reduce pore size, and improve overall skin appearance. | | 2 | Proper skin care, including moisturizer, is essential when using topical retinoids. | | 3 | Patient age (25) and weight (70 kg) are not critical factors for topical retinoids' use. These are important factors to consider for other medications. | | 4 | Always consult a healthcare professional before starting any new medication, especially if there are underlying health conditions. |
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