| name | Oral Contraceptives |
| classification | Hormonal Contraceptives |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Oral contraceptives are absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract, primarily in the small intestine. Bioavailability is generally high (70-95%). | | distribution | Hormones are distributed throughout the body, primarily bound to plasma proteins. Concentrations are highest in the liver and reproductive organs. | | metabolism | Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with various pathways involved. Different formulations have varying rates and routes of metabolism. | | excretion | Excreted mainly in the urine and feces as metabolites. |
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| suggested dosage | Dosage varies greatly depending on the specific formulation (e.g., combination pills, progestin-only pills). Precise instructions should be followed as per the package insert. This information should be obtained from a physician. |
| indications | | 1 | Contraception | | 2 | Regulation of menstrual cycle | | 3 | Management of acne | | 4 | Treatment of certain types of dysmenorrhea | | 5 | Reduction in risk of certain gynecologic cancers (endometrial, ovarian) – *potential benefits and risks need careful consideration by a physician*. |
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| safety in pregnancy | Oral contraceptives are absolutely contraindicated in pregnancy. They are not intended for use in pregnant women and can cause adverse effects if taken during pregnancy. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Some formulations of oral contraceptives may interfere with breastfeeding; while others are considered safe. Individual consulting with a healthcare provider is necessary to determine which formulations are appropriate during breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness | | 2 | Headaches, mood changes, fluid retention | | 3 | Blood clots (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism) – a rare but serious risk, particularly with certain formulations or in individuals with risk factors. This risk is usually lower than the risk of these conditions in pregnancy or childbirth. | | 4 | Increased risk of hypertension. | | 5 | Increased risk of stroke in women with pre-existing risk factors (e.g., high blood pressure, smoking, family history of blood clots). | | 6 | Elevated risk of some types of cancer (e.g., breast cancer) – potential benefits and risks need careful consideration by a physician. | | 7 | Possible changes in blood sugar levels (potentially impacting blood sugar control in patients with diabetes). |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | History of blood clots (thromboembolic events) | | 2 | History of stroke or heart attack | | 3 | Uncontrolled hypertension | | 4 | Severe liver disease | | 5 | Certain types of cancer (breast cancer) | | 6 | Known hypersensitivity to any component of the oral contraceptive | | 7 | Smoking, especially in women over 35 years of age | | 8 | Known family history of blood clots or other significant cardiovascular issues. |
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| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications (e.g., anticonvulsants, antibiotics) | | 2 | Some herbal supplements | | 3 | Possible interactions with certain foods or substances |
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| warnings and precautions | Regular checkups are essential to monitor for potential side effects and complications. Patients should be aware of warning signs and symptoms related to blood clots or other potential adverse events. Smoking significantly increases the risk of cardiovascular events. Women with a history of migraines or certain other conditions may need to use caution. **This information does not constitute medical advice.** |
| additional informations | Patient-specific factors, risk profiles, and complete medical history are essential during prescription and use of oral contraceptives. A physician should assess the individual patient's needs and risk factors before prescribing specific brands or types of oral contraceptives. This information is intended as a general overview, and specific details should be obtained from a healthcare professional. |
| patient information | | age | 25 | | weight | 70 | | gender | female | | relevant medical conditions | | | medical history | No medical history provided. A comprehensive medical history is crucial for assessing suitability and potential risks. |
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