| name | Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMZ) |
| classification | Antibacterial, Sulfonamide/Trimethoprim combination |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Well absorbed orally. Peak plasma concentrations are achieved within 1-2 hours. | | distribution | Distributes widely throughout the body, including the lungs, kidneys, and central nervous system. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver. | | excretion | Excreted primarily in the urine. Renal impairment may affect excretion and dosage. |
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| suggested dosage | | adult | Dosage varies depending on the indication and severity of the infection. Consult a physician for specific dosage recommendations for a 25-year-old male weighing 70kg. | | important note | Never adjust dosage on your own; always follow a healthcare professional's instructions. |
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| indications | Used to treat various bacterial infections such as urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections, and skin infections. |
| safety in pregnancy | Use during pregnancy only when the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Consult a physician. |
| safety in breastfeeding | May be present in breast milk. Consult a physician before use if breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | | 2 | Headache, dizziness | | 3 | Skin rash, Stevens-Johnson syndrome (rare but serious) | | 4 | Elevated liver enzymes (transaminases) | | 5 | Kidney problems (in patients with pre-existing kidney issues) | | 6 | Hypoglycemia (rare, especially in patients with diabetes) | | 7 | Blood disorders (rare) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole | | 2 | Severe hepatic or renal impairment | | 3 | G6PD deficiency (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency) | | 4 | Severe allergies to other sulfonamide drugs |
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| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications (e.g., warfarin, oral anticoagulants, methotrexate, cyclosporine) may increase the risk of side effects or require dosage adjustments. Consult a physician. | | 2 | Alcohol may increase the risk of certain side effects |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Closely monitor patients with pre-existing kidney disease or liver problems. | | 2 | May cause photosensitivity, caution in outdoor activities | | 3 | Monitor complete blood counts for patients with underlying blood disorders or history of blood disorders. | | 4 | May elevate blood sugar; caution in patients with diabetes. | | 5 | Avoid use during the first trimester of pregnancy unless absolutely necessary. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Long-term use may lead to bacterial resistance. | | 2 | Take the medication as prescribed by your doctor, even if you feel better. | | 3 | Consult a doctor if symptoms worsen or do not improve after a few days. | | 4 | May interfere with some laboratory tests. Inform your doctor and lab personnel of any current medications. | | 5 | Store at room temperature in a cool and dry place. |
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