| drug name | Ciprofloxacin |
| classification | Fluoroquinolone antibiotic |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Well absorbed orally, peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. Food slightly delays absorption but does not significantly reduce bioavailability. | | distribution | Distributes widely throughout the body, including into tissues and fluids. Penetration into the prostate, sinuses, and lung tissue is good. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver, with some renal excretion of unchanged drug. | | excretion | Eliminated primarily through renal excretion. Excretion may be prolonged in patients with renal impairment. |
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| suggested dosage | | adult male 25 70kg | | oral | Typically 500 mg twice daily or 1000 mg once daily. Specific dosage depends on the infection and its severity, as determined by a healthcare professional. | | notes | Follow the prescribed dosage regimen from a doctor or pharmacist. Do not adjust dosage without medical consultation. |
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| indications | | 1 | Urinary tract infections (UTIs) | | 2 | Respiratory tract infections (e.g., pneumonia) | | 3 | Skin infections | | 4 | Intra-abdominal infections | | 5 | Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) |
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| safety in pregnancy | Ciprofloxacin is categorized as a pregnancy category C drug by the FDA. Potential risks to the developing fetus exist. This medication should only be used during pregnancy if clearly needed by a healthcare professional and the potential benefits outweigh the risks. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Ciprofloxacin is excreted in breast milk. Limited data are available, and the potential risk to the infant is unknown. Breastfeeding should be carefully considered if treatment is necessary. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea | | 2 | Vomiting | | 3 | Diarrhea | | 4 | Headache | | 5 | Dizziness | | 6 | Vertigo | | 7 | Insomnia | | 8 | Photosensitivity | | 9 | Gastrointestinal upset (abdominal pain, cramping) | | 10 | Elevated liver enzymes | | 11 | Tendinopathy (especially in the Achilles tendon, potentially leading to rupture) | | 12 | Increased risk of tendonitis | | 13 | Myasthenia gravis exacerbation | | 14 | Allergic reactions (rash, itching, hives, anaphylaxis) | | 15 | Increased risk of certain infections (e.g., candida) | | 16 | C. difficile-associated diarrhea (severe and potentially life-threatening) | | 17 | Peripheral neuropathy |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones | | 2 | Patients with a history of tendon rupture | | 3 | Patients with severe renal impairment | | 4 | Children and adolescents under 18 years (except in severe cases under direct medical supervision) |
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| interactions | | 1 | Antacids containing magnesium and aluminum | | 2 | Multivitamins with iron | | 3 | Theophylline, digoxin and certain other drugs can interact. A healthcare professional can provide details about potential drug interactions specific to the patient's medications. | | 4 | Warfarin, certain antacids, and other medications that impact the body’s ability to clot blood |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor for signs of tendonitis or rupture (especially Achilles tendon). | | 2 | Be cautious in patients with pre-existing conditions that can affect tendons. | | 3 | Monitor renal function in patients with renal insufficiency. | | 4 | Monitor liver function tests during treatment. | | 5 | Inform the healthcare provider about all medications and supplements the patient is taking. |
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| additional information | This information is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult with a doctor or pharmacist before starting any new medication or changing an existing medication regimen. Consult a specialist or physician for any particular need and/or related health concerns. |
| important notes | This information is for a 25-year-old male weighing 70kg. Specific dosages and considerations might vary based on individual patient factors. A healthcare professional should always determine the appropriate dosage and treatment plan. |
