| drug | Tretinoin |
| classification | Retinoid, Topical |
| pharmacokinetics | Tretinoin is a topical retinoid that is readily absorbed into the skin. It is metabolized primarily by oxidation and conjugation. The metabolism and elimination pathways may vary based on individual factors and the specific formulation used. Systemic absorption, though typically low, can still be significant in certain patients. |
| suggested dosage | Tretinoin is a topical medication, and dosing depends significantly on the patient's skin response and specific formulation. Initial dosing is often very low, typically starting with a very small amount applied once nightly. The frequency of application and amount should be gradually increased by the prescriber per the patient's response to treatment, to avoid excessive skin irritation. It's crucial to follow the physician's instructions precisely. |
| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris | | 2 | Photoaging | | 3 | Actinic keratosis | | 4 | Treatment of fine wrinkles and hyperpigmentation | | 5 | Treatment of psoriasis |
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| safety in pregnancy | Tretinoin is considered a category C pregnancy drug. Animal studies have shown adverse effects, but adequate studies in pregnant women are not available. It should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Tretinoin is not recommended during breastfeeding. Limited data is available on the extent to which tretinoin is secreted in breast milk. Alternative treatment options should be considered for women who are breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | | type | common | | description | | 1 | Skin irritation (e.g., redness, dryness, burning, peeling, or scaling). | | 2 | Exacerbation of acne (during the initial phase). | | 3 | Photosensitivity. |
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| | 2 | | type | less_common | | description | | 1 | Skin inflammation (e.g., folliculitis) | | 2 | Contact dermatitis |
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| | 3 | | type | rare | | description | | 1 | Severe skin reactions (e.g., allergic dermatitis) | | 2 | Systemic effects (though uncommon) |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to tretinoin or other retinoids. | | 2 | Active skin infections (e.g., open wounds or skin rashes) at the application site. | | 3 | Severe or active inflammatory skin conditions in the treatment area. | | 4 | Severe sunburns or sun sensitivity |
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| interactions | | 1 | Combination with other topical retinoids or certain medications can increase the risk of skin irritation or photosensitivity. | | 2 | Caution is advised with concurrent use of other topical medications for skin conditions. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Apply a small amount of tretinoin at first, and increase gradually according to the prescriber's instructions. | | 2 | Use a sunscreen with a high SPF (30 or higher) when using tretinoin and when exposed to sunlight. | | 3 | Avoid using tretinoin in areas of skin with active wounds or infections. | | 4 | It's possible that tretinoin's effects might take several weeks to months to show efficacy. | | 5 | Use appropriate moisturizers to avoid skin dryness. |
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| additional information | Tretinoin is typically used in the evening to allow for skin repair and regeneration overnight. Individual responses to tretinoin vary, and it is crucial to follow the directions from the prescribing physician closely. Do not discontinue the medication without consulting with your doctor. |
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