| name | Omeprazole |
| classification | Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed from the stomach, peak plasma concentrations achieved within 1-2 hours. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, with high concentrations in the gastric parietal cells. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver via CYP2C19 and CYP3A4. | | excretion | Excreted primarily in the urine, both as unchanged drug and as metabolites. |
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| suggested dosage | | adults | | typical dose | 20 mg daily, once daily, orally for 4-8 weeks, to allow complete healing of gastric ulcers. | | dosage for specific conditions | | 1 | | condition | Gastritis | | dose | 20mg once a day |
| | 2 | | condition | Heartburn | | dose | 20mg once daily or as needed |
| | 3 | | condition | Erosive Esophagitis | | dose | 20-40mg once daily |
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| indications | | 1 | Treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | | 2 | Treatment of peptic ulcers | | 3 | Treatment of Zollinger-Ellison syndrome | | 4 | Prevention of NSAID-induced gastric ulcers | | 5 | Helicobacter pylori eradication |
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| safety in pregnancy | | category | B | | details | Limited data on use in pregnancy. Possible risks include decreased effectiveness of omeprazole and decreased fetal growth. Consult with your doctor if you are pregnant or planning to become pregnant. | | consideration | May be used in pregnancy only if clearly needed |
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| safety in breastfeeding | | details | Omeprazole is excreted in breast milk. The levels are usually low, and generally considered safe for most breastfeeding infants. Consult with your doctor if you are breastfeeding or planning to breastfeed. | | recommendation | Monitor baby for any unusual reaction |
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| side effects | | 1 | Headache | | 2 | Diarrhea | | 3 | Constipation | | 4 | Abdominal pain | | 5 | Nausea/Vomiting | | 6 | Diarrhea | | 7 | Flatulence | | 8 | Dizziness | | 9 | Skin rash | | 10 | Vitamin B12 deficiency (with long-term use) | | 11 | C. diff associated diarrhea | | 12 | Increased risk of fractures (with long-term use) |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to omeprazole or other PPI | | 2 | Severe hepatic impairment | | 3 | Concurrent use of drugs that inhibit CYP2C19 |
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| interactions | | 1 | Drugs that are metabolized by CYP2C19 (e.g., clopidogrel) | | 2 | Drugs that inhibit or induce CYP3A4 (e.g., certain antifungals, antiarrhythmics, HIV protease inhibitors) | | 3 | Drugs that are substrates for CYP2C19 (e.g., diazepam, some antidepressants) |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Long-term use may increase the risk of fractures. | | 2 | May mask symptoms of other underlying conditions, so proper diagnosis is essential. | | 3 | Monitor patients with pre-existing conditions (e.g., vitamin B12 deficiency, kidney disease) closely during treatment with omeprazole. | | 4 | Use caution in patients with impaired renal function. |
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| additional informations | | patient specific considerations | Age and weight may influence the dosage, and the specific indication and duration of treatment should be decided by a physician after thorough examination. A 25-year-old male with a weight of 70kg would usually be dosed as per the 'suggested dosage' section. Consult your doctor. | | additional notes | Always use omeprazole as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Do not adjust doses without consulting your doctor. |
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