| name | Lactulose |
| classification | Osmotic laxative |
| pharmacokinetics | Lactulose is a disaccharide that is not absorbed in the small intestine. It is metabolized by colonic bacteria into organic acids, which draw water into the colon, increasing stool bulk and softening it. The effect typically occurs within 12-48 hours, although it can take longer depending on the individual and the specific preparation. Excretion is primarily via feces. |
| suggested dosage | | adult | | oral | | 1 | | form | solution | | typical dose | 15-60 ml daily, in divided doses |
| | 2 | | form | syrup | | typical dose | 15-60 ml daily, in divided doses |
| | 3 | | form | syrup/solution | | typical dose | 15-60 ml daily, in divided doses |
|
|
| | additional notes | Dosage should be individualized based on patient response. Consult a physician for specific dosage recommendations. |
|
| indications | Lactulose is primarily used to treat constipation, especially chronic constipation. It is also used to treat hepatic encephalopathy by reducing ammonia levels in the blood (although other medications are often preferred). |
| safety in pregnancy | Generally considered safe for use during pregnancy when prescribed by a healthcare professional. However, further research and careful monitoring are recommended. Discuss with your physician. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Generally considered safe for use during breastfeeding when prescribed by a healthcare professional. However, further research and careful monitoring are recommended. Discuss with your physician. |
| side effects | | 1 | abdominal cramping | | 2 | bloating | | 3 | flatulence | | 4 | diarrhea (especially with higher doses) | | 5 | nausea | | 6 | vomiting | | 7 | dehydration (if diarrhea is severe or prolonged) |
|
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | Severe dehydration, intestinal obstruction, or known hypersensitivity to lactulose. |
| interactions | May interact with certain medications, especially those affecting the absorption or metabolism of other drugs or electrolytes. Always inform your physician of all medications and supplements you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor for signs of dehydration, particularly if diarrhea is severe or prolonged. | | 2 | Monitor for electrolyte imbalances, especially potassium levels. | | 3 | May affect the accuracy of some laboratory tests. | | 4 | Do not use if a bowel obstruction is suspected. |
|
| additional informations | Lactulose should be taken with plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. Stool softeners should be used with caution in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Crohn's disease, or other inflammatory bowel diseases. |
| patient specific considerations | | age | 25 | | weight | 70kg | | gender | male |
|
