| name | Kojic Acid |
| Classification | Chemical exfoliant, Tyrosinase inhibitor (indirect) |
| Pharmacokinetics | Kojic acid is primarily absorbed through the skin. Limited systemic absorption occurs. It is metabolized in the liver and excreted in the urine and feces. Precise pharmacokinetic data in humans is limited, especially regarding specific patient populations. |
| suggested dosage | Kojic acid is typically used in topical formulations. Specific concentrations and application frequencies are determined by the product and intended use. Consult the product label or a dermatologist for appropriate use. |
| indications | Kojic acid is primarily used topically as a skin-lightening agent and for the treatment of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, freckles, and age spots. It may also be used for the treatment of mild acne, and for certain cosmetic purposes. |
| Safety in pregnancy | Limited data available. Kojic acid should be used with caution, if at all, during pregnancy. Consult with a healthcare professional before use. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Limited data available. Kojic acid should be used with caution, if at all, during breastfeeding. Consult with a healthcare professional before use. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (redness, dryness, itching, burning) | | 2 | Allergic reactions (rash, hives) | | 3 | Photosensitivity (increased skin sensitivity to sunlight) | | 4 | Contact dermatitis (local skin inflammation) | | 5 | Pigmentation changes (though usually temporary in the case of topical formulations) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known allergy to kojic acid or other ingredients in the formulation. | | 2 | Open wounds or skin infections in the area of application. | | 3 | Sensitivity to sunlight (preexisting photodermatitis) |
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| interactions | Limited interaction data is available. Avoid concurrent use with other topical skin lightening products or exfoliants without consulting a dermatologist to prevent excessive skin irritation or adverse reactions. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Apply a small amount to a small area of skin first to test for sensitivity. | | 2 | Avoid contact with eyes. | | 3 | Use a sunscreen with a high SPF when using kojic acid topically and when exposed to sunlight. | | 4 | Discontinue use and consult a healthcare professional if irritation or adverse reactions occur. | | 5 | Kojic acid is not a cure for skin conditions like melasma or hyperpigmentation. Results may vary. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Kojic acid is a naturally occurring compound found in certain fruits and mushrooms. | | 2 | Topical kojic acid products may stain clothing. | | 3 | Use the prescribed amount of kojic acid to avoid over-exfoliation of the skin. |
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| patient specific considerations | | age 25 | Kojic acid is generally considered safe for use in healthy individuals aged 25, but always follow product instructions and consult a dermatologist for personalized advice if needed. | | weight 70kg | Weight is not a factor for topical kojic acid use. |
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