| name | Ketoconazole |
| classification | Anti-fungal, Anti-androgen |
| pharmacokinetics | Ketoconazole is primarily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Absorption is variable and influenced by food intake, and concomitant medications. Peak plasma concentrations are typically reached within 1-2 hours after oral administration. The drug is extensively metabolized in the liver. It is highly bound to plasma proteins. Excretion primarily occurs via the liver, although a portion is excreted in the urine. The half-life of ketoconazole is variable and can range from 8 to 18 hours, depending on the formulation and individual factors. |
| suggested dosage | | male 25 70kg | | general note | Dosage recommendations are highly variable depending on the specific indication. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for personalized dosage guidance. | | examples | | 1 | | indication | Seborrheic dermatitis | | dosage range | 200 mg/day, divided into two administrations | | additional notes | May require a longer course of treatment |
| | 2 | | indication | Aspergillus fumigatus infections | | dosage range | 200-400 mg/day, divided into two administrations | | additional notes | May require adjustments based on patient response and/or severity of infection |
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| indications | Ketoconazole is used to treat various fungal infections, such as skin infections, vaginal infections, and systemic fungal infections. It can also be used to treat conditions associated with androgen production, such as dandruff (seborrheic dermatitis), and other conditions. |
| safety in pregnancy | Pregnancy Category C. The potential risks to the fetus are unknown. Ketoconazole should be used only when the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. Consult with a healthcare professional regarding the potential risks. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Ketoconazole may be excreted in breast milk. The potential risk to the infant is unknown. Use with caution and consult with a healthcare professional if breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea | | 2 | Vomiting | | 3 | Abdominal pain | | 4 | Diarrhea | | 5 | Headache | | 6 | Liver dysfunction | | 7 | Changes in blood counts | | 8 | Muscle weakness | | 9 | Loss of appetite | | 10 | Rash | | 11 | Increased risk of certain cancers (in rare cases), particularly when used at high doses or for extended periods |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to ketoconazole or any of its components | | 2 | Severe liver disease | | 3 | Severe kidney disease | | 4 | Known porphyria |
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| interactions | Ketoconazole can interact with many medications, including certain antibiotics, antifungals, medications for HIV or other viral infections, anticoagulants, anticonvulsants, and others. Consult with a pharmacist or doctor about all medications you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor liver function tests (LFTs) regularly, especially during long-term use. | | 2 | Monitor for signs of skin reactions. Discontinue use if serious adverse reactions occur. | | 3 | Avoid concurrent use with other medications that may affect liver function. | | 4 | Use with caution in patients with pre-existing kidney disease or history of cardiovascular disease. |
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| additional information | Ketoconazole has a potential to suppress the body's immune system and is not generally a first-line treatment for most fungal conditions. The patient should be carefully monitored during treatment. |
| important notes | This information is for general knowledge and informational purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare professional for diagnosis, treatment, and personalized advice. |
