| name | Itraconazole |
| classification | Azole antifungal |
| pharmacokinetics | Itraconazole is primarily metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, particularly CYP3A4. Absorption is variable and can be affected by food and other medications. It is highly protein-bound and has a long half-life, allowing for once-daily dosing in many cases. Concentrations in tissues like the lungs and skin can exceed serum concentrations, which is important for treating certain infections. |
| suggested dosage | | note | Dosage should be individualized based on the specific infection and the patient's renal function. Consult a physician. | | typical oral dosage | | 1 | | infection | Onchocerciasis | | dosage | 200 mg/day |
| | 2 | | infection | Aspergillosis | | dosage | 200-400 mg/day |
| | 3 | | infection | Candidiasis | | dosage | 100-200 mg/day |
| | 4 | | infection | Other systemic fungal infections | | dosage | 200 mg once daily or 100 mg BID/tid |
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| indications | Treatment of various fungal infections, including systemic candidiasis, aspergillosis, onychomycosis, and other localized and systemic fungal infections. |
| safety in pregnancy | Limited data are available; use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the fetus. Consult with a physician. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Itraconazole is secreted in breast milk. Use during breastfeeding requires careful consideration of the potential benefits and risks to the infant. Consult with a physician. |
| side effects | | 1 | Gastrointestinal upset (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea) | | 2 | Headache | | 3 | Hepatic dysfunction (liver problems) | | 4 | Visual disturbances | | 5 | Muscle pain (myalgia) | | 6 | Increased risk of bleeding | | 7 | Rash | | 8 | Elevated cholesterol | | 9 | Peripheral neuropathy | | 10 | Hypotension | | 11 | Increased risk of infection |
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| contraindications | Hypersensitivity to itraconazole or other azole antifungals. Severe hepatic impairment. Concomitant use of medications that significantly inhibit CYP3A4. |
| interactions | Numerous drug interactions are possible, particularly with medications metabolized by CYP3A4. Examples include calcium channel blockers, protease inhibitors, macrolide antibiotics, and others. Always inform your physician about all medications you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor liver function tests regularly during treatment. | | 2 | Be cautious in patients with pre-existing liver disease. | | 3 | Avoid use in patients with pre-existing myopathy or neuromuscular disease. | | 4 | May prolong the QT interval, caution in patients with prolonged QT syndrome or risk factors. | | 5 | May cause photosensitivity, avoid sun exposure if possible. | | 6 | Inform your physician about any underlying medical conditions. |
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| additional informations | Itraconazole is available in both oral tablet and intravenous forms. It is crucial to follow prescribed dosages and treatment durations, as non-compliance can affect treatment success and increase risk of drug resistance. |
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