| drug name | Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) |
| classification | Antibacterial, Sulfonamide and Trimethoprim combination |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations usually achieved within 1-4 hours. | | distribution | Distributes widely throughout the body, including the kidneys, lungs, and respiratory tract. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver. | | excretion | Excreted primarily in the urine. Renal impairment can affect elimination, thus requiring dosage adjustment. |
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| suggested dosage | | general note | Dosage varies depending on the specific infection and severity. Always follow the prescription or recommendations of a healthcare provider. | | example dosage | Standard adult dose for uncomplicated infections is typically 160 mg TMP/800 mg SMX twice daily, for a total of 200 mg TMP/1000 mg SMX per 24 hours. This amount can vary based on specific cases and needs. | | weight based notes | Since the patient's weight is 70 kg, typical adult dosage should be suitable, although a physician should always confirm. |
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| indications | Used to treat various bacterial infections, including urinary tract infections (UTIs), respiratory tract infections, and other infections caused by susceptible bacteria. |
| safety in pregnancy | | category | Category B | | description | Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk. There is limited data from controlled studies in pregnant women. Discuss with a doctor. |
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| safety in breastfeeding | | description | Use during breastfeeding only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole can pass into breast milk. Consult your doctor. |
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| side effects | | 1 | Nausea | | 2 | Vomiting | | 3 | Diarrhea | | 4 | Headache | | 5 | Skin rash | | 6 | Photosensitivity | | 7 | Elevated liver enzymes | | 8 | Kidney problems (especially in patients with pre-existing kidney disease) | | 9 | Blood disorders (rare but possible) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known allergy to trimethoprim or sulfamethoxazole or related sulfonamides. | | 2 | Severe hepatic or renal impairment | | 3 | Certain blood disorders | | 4 | Pregnancy Category C or higher |
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| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications (e.g., warfarin, oral anticoagulants, other drugs affecting the liver) | | 2 | Caution with concurrent use of medications that can also affect the kidneys. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor kidney function, especially in patients with pre-existing kidney problems, or those who have conditions that might affect kidney function. | | 2 | Monitor for signs of allergic reactions (rash, hives, itching). Discontinue use and seek medical attention if severe allergic reaction occurs. | | 3 | Use cautiously in patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency, as it can lead to hemolytic anemia. |
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| additional information | Always take the medication as prescribed by your healthcare provider. Do not adjust the dosage or stop taking the medication without consulting a doctor. If side effects are experienced, report them to your doctor. |
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