| name | Tretinoin Topical |
| Classification | Retinoid, Keratolytic |
| Pharmacokinetics | Tretinoin is a lipophilic compound that readily penetrates the skin. It is metabolized primarily by cytochrome P450 enzymes, primarily CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4. The metabolites are generally inactive, and the majority of the drug is excreted in the urine and feces. The exact time course of action and clearance can vary significantly based on formulation, concentration, and patient characteristics. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies depending on the specific formulation and the condition being treated. Generally, it is important to start with a low concentration and frequency and gradually increase as tolerated. It's crucial to follow the physician's instructions and the specific product labeling. A common starting point is 0.025% to 0.05% applied once daily in the evening. |
| indications | Tretinoin topical is indicated for the treatment of acne vulgaris, photoaging, wrinkles, and some types of hyperpigmentation. |
| Safety in pregnancy | Tretinoin is in pregnancy category C. There are theoretical risks to the developing fetus, and tretinoin should be avoided during pregnancy unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks, and the decision should be made by the physician after carefully considering all factors. There is no specific advice regarding the specific weight of the patient in relation to safety of use. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Tretinoin is secreted into breast milk and could potentially affect a nursing infant. Its use in breastfeeding mothers is not recommended unless the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Again, the decision should be made after careful consideration by the physician. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (e.g., redness, dryness, scaling, burning, stinging) | | 2 | Increased photosensitivity (increased sun sensitivity). Patients must be warned to use appropriate sunscreen. | | 3 | Hyperpigmentation (darkening of the skin) | | 4 | Peeling or cracking of the skin | | 5 | Edema (swelling) | | 6 | Pruritus (itching) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to tretinoin or other retinoids | | 2 | Active skin infections or inflammatory conditions that are not managed properly | | 3 | Severe skin conditions | | 4 | Open wounds, active infections, or skin conditions in the treatment area |
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| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications, such as isotretinoin (oral), can increase the risk of adverse effects when used concurrently. Also, other retinoids or medications can have interactions. The patient's physician should be aware of other medications the patient is taking and/or be given comprehensive advice. | | 2 | Sunscreens can be used to reduce phototoxicity, but patients should be aware of the possibility of other drug/medication interactions. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Apply a small amount to a small area of skin to test for any allergic or adverse reactions. | | 2 | Use only as directed. Do not exceed the recommended dosage. | | 3 | Avoid contact with the eyes | | 4 | Start with a low concentration and a short treatment duration to reduce adverse effects, then gradually increase if tolerated. | | 5 | Use caution in patients with a history of skin conditions, allergies, or pre-existing skin irritation. | | 6 | Inform your doctor of any other medical conditions you may have or any other drugs you may be taking |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Tretinoin is a potent topical drug. It can take several weeks to see noticeable results. Patients should be informed about the expected course of action and be wary of potential inconsistencies. The efficacy of tretinoin is dependent on individual characteristics and responses. |
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| patient specific considerations | | age | 25 years | | weight | 70 kg | | sex | Male |
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