| name | Topical Retinoids |
| Classification | Differentiation-inducing agents, keratolytics, anti-acne agents |
| Pharmacokinetics | | Absorption | Topical retinoids are primarily absorbed through the skin, with variable systemic absorption depending on the specific retinoid, concentration, and area of application. Absorption is generally low but can be higher in certain individuals or with high concentrations. | | Distribution | The retinoids are distributed in the skin and can influence cellular processes in the epidermis. Systemic distribution is limited but possible. | | Metabolism | Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver, with some involvement of the skin. | | Excretion | Excretion is primarily through the bile and urine. |
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| suggested dosage | | note | Dosage varies significantly by the specific retinoid product and the condition being treated. Always follow the directions on the product label or as prescribed by a healthcare professional. | | examples | | 1 | | product | Tretinoin 0.025% cream | | dosage | Apply a thin layer once daily in the evening to affected areas |
| | 2 | | product | Adapalene 0.1% gel | | dosage | Apply a thin layer once daily in the evening to affected areas |
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| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris | | 2 | Photoaging (wrinkles, fine lines) | | 3 | Actinic keratosis | | 4 | Sun-damaged skin | | 5 | Seborrheic dermatitis | | 6 | Rosacea | | 7 | Hyperpigmentation |
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| Safety in pregnancy | | note | Topical retinoids are generally considered safe during pregnancy. However, there are possible risks of systemic exposure, especially at higher doses. Consult a dermatologist before using retinoids if pregnant or trying to conceive. | | details | Most topical retinoids are pregnancy category C or D, meaning there is some risk to the fetus. Avoid use during pregnancy unless specifically prescribed. |
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| Safety in breastfeeding | | note | Topical retinoids may be excreted in breast milk, although the amounts are usually low. There's some concern about potential effects, especially on the infant. Consult a healthcare professional before using if breastfeeding. | | details | Many topical retinoids are not recommended during breastfeeding. |
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| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (redness, dryness, peeling) | | 2 | Burning or stinging sensation | | 3 | Photosensitivity (increased sun sensitivity) | | 4 | Local skin reactions (e.g., rash, papules) | | 5 | Swelling, itching, or rash at the site of application |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity or allergy to retinoids | | 2 | Active skin lesions or inflammation (e.g., eczema, psoriasis in active phase) | | 3 | Open wounds or skin injuries in the treatment area | | 4 | Severe skin conditions (e.g., severe dermatitis or burns) |
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| interactions | | note | Topical retinoids may interact with other topical medications, increasing the risk of irritation or adverse effects. | | examples | | 1 | | drug | Other topical anti-inflammatory agents | | interaction | Increased risk of skin irritation or adverse reactions. |
| | 2 | | drug | Certain oral medications | | interaction | Potentially increased risk of systemic effects. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Avoid excessive sun exposure, and use sun protection measures during retinoid treatment. | | 2 | Start with a low concentration and gradually increase if necessary. Monitor skin reaction carefully. | | 3 | Apply retinoid at night only to minimize sun exposure. | | 4 | Discontinue use if severe skin irritation or rash develops. |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Retinoids need to be stored properly and use only for the duration indicated by your doctor. | | 2 | Retinoids can increase the effectiveness of other acne treatments. |
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