| name | Systemic Retinoids |
| Classification | Vitamin A derivatives, used primarily for acne and other dermatologic conditions. |
| Pharmacokinetics | Retinoids are extensively metabolized in the liver and excreted in the bile. Their absorption varies, but generally, oral bioavailability is moderate. Metabolism and excretion rates may differ between individuals due to factors including liver function and other medications. The specific pharmacokinetic profile depends on the individual retinoid formulation (e.g., isotretinoin, acitretin). |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly depending on the specific retinoid, the indication, and the patient's response. It's crucial to follow the prescribing physician's instructions meticulously, as self-medication with retinoids can be extremely dangerous. Always consult with a healthcare professional. Specific dosage ranges will be detailed by the prescribing physician |
| indications | | 1 | Severe cystic acne | | 2 | Treatment of severe inflammatory skin conditions such as psoriasis and some types of cutaneous lupus | | 3 | Treatment of certain types of skin cancer (less common) | | 4 | Treatment of specific types of keratosis | | 5 | Treatment of certain types of hyperlipidemia. |
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| Safety in pregnancy | ABSOLUTELY CONTRAINDICATED in pregnant women or women of childbearing potential not using effective contraception. Isotretinoin, in particular, causes severe birth defects. These medications must not be used in pregnant patients. A pregnancy test and careful counseling should be mandatory before and during therapy with any retinoid. The prescribing physician should monitor for pregnancy. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Retinoids are not recommended for use during breastfeeding due to potential transfer to the infant. The physician should assess the risks and benefits of using this medication with the mother and in consideration of the baby's needs. |
| side effects | | 1 | Dry skin, particularly lips and mucous membranes | | 2 | Eye irritation | | 3 | Increased photosensitivity | | 4 | Elevated liver enzymes | | 5 | Depression, psychiatric effects | | 6 | Headache | | 7 | Muscle and joint aches | | 8 | High blood pressure | | 9 | Alopecia | | 10 | Nausea and vomiting | | 11 | Fatigue | | 12 | Increased risk of pancreatitis and liver inflammation | | 13 | The severity of these side effects varies depending on the specific retinoid, dosage, and the individual patient |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Pregnancy (absolutely) | | 2 | Active liver disease | | 3 | Severe depression or other psychiatric conditions | | 4 | Known hypersensitivity to retinoids | | 5 | Severe cardiovascular disease | | 6 | History of pancreatitis or significant liver impairment | | 7 | Patients with a history of severe retinoid reactions (skin, ocular, or systemic) |
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| interactions | Retinoids can interact with numerous other medications. This includes, but is not limited to, medications that induce or inhibit hepatic enzymes. It's crucial for the physician to review all medications the patient is taking when considering retinoid therapy. This is also true for any over-the-counter or herbal medications. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Close monitoring of liver function tests is necessary during treatment. | | 2 | Patients should be educated on sun protection measures. | | 3 | Regular eye examinations may be recommended. | | 4 | Careful monitoring of mental health is essential. | | 5 | Specific warnings and precautions will vary depending on the specific retinoid |
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| additional informations | Systemic retinoids are potent medications with significant side effects. Their use should be reserved for conditions where the potential benefits outweigh the risks. Patient selection, thorough monitoring, and close adherence to guidelines are crucial for successful treatment with minimal complications. The information provided is for educational purposes only and should not be considered medical advice. Always consult with a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns or before starting any new treatment. |
| patient profile | |
