| name | Hydroquinone |
| Classification | Skin-lightening agent |
| Pharmacokinetics | Hydroquinone is absorbed through the skin and metabolized in the liver. Its effectiveness varies depending on individual factors, skin type and concentration. Systemic absorption is generally low but can occur and affect other organs. |
| suggested dosage | Generally, a 2-4% concentration is used topically. Specific concentrations and application instructions vary with product formulation and individual response, hence it's crucial to follow the product's instructions and consult a dermatologist for personalized guidance. Avoid exceeding recommended usage. |
| indications | Treatment of hyperpigmentation, such as melasma, freckles, age spots, and post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, to lighten skin tone. |
| Safety in pregnancy | Limited data is available, hence it is NOT recommended for use during pregnancy. Potential risks to the fetus are unknown. Consult a dermatologist for alternative treatments. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Limited data. It is NOT recommended during breastfeeding due to potential transfer into breast milk and possible effects on the infant. Consult with a healthcare professional for safe alternatives. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation | | 2 | Skin dryness | | 3 | Skin discoloration (temporary or permanent) | | 4 | Allergic reactions | | 5 | Eczema | | 6 | Contact dermatitis |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity or allergy to hydroquinone or any other ingredients in the product | | 2 | Open wounds or skin infections in the area to be treated | | 3 | Pregnant or breastfeeding | | 4 | Children under the age of 18 (without medical supervision) |
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| interactions | May interact with other topical medications. Inform your dermatologist about all medications you are currently using, including over-the-counter products. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Apply a small amount to a small, inconspicuous area of skin first to test for any adverse reactions. | | 2 | Do not use on broken or irritated skin. | | 3 | Use sunscreen daily to protect the treated area from further sun damage. | | 4 | Discontinue use and consult a dermatologist if any irritation or adverse reaction develops | | 5 | Long-term use may cause permanent skin discoloration or hypopigmentation | | 6 | Avoid sun exposure and use appropriate sun protection while using skin lightening creams. |
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| additional informations | Results can vary greatly among individuals and often take several weeks or months to see noticeable improvements. Consult a dermatologist or qualified healthcare professional before using hydroquinone or any skin-lightening product, especially if you have underlying skin conditions. |
| patient profile | |
