| name | Retinoids |
| Classification | Vitamin A derivatives, Topical and systemic retinoids |
| Pharmacokinetics | Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of retinoids vary significantly based on the specific retinoid and its route of administration. Topical retinoids are absorbed through the skin, while systemic retinoids are absorbed throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Metabolism primarily occurs in the liver. Elimination varies but generally involves the liver and kidneys. Individual patient factors (e.g., liver function, renal function, genetics) can influence these processes. |
| suggested dosage | Retinoid dosage varies considerably based on the specific retinoid, its formulation (topical vs. systemic), the condition being treated, and the patient's response. No single dosage can be provided without a specific retinoid and a clinician's guidance. |
| indications | | 1 | Acne vulgaris | | 2 | Photoaging | | 3 | Psoriasis | | 4 | Actinic keratosis | | 5 | Some skin cancers | | 6 | Hyperkeratosis |
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| Safety in pregnancy | Retinoids are generally considered **contraindicated** during pregnancy. They pose a significant risk of birth defects, particularly to the developing fetus's central nervous system and facial structures. Consultation with a healthcare professional is imperative. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Systemic retinoids are **contraindicated** during breastfeeding due to potential adverse effects on the infant. Topical retinoids may be appropriate with caution, but this should be considered in consultation with a healthcare professional. |
| side effects | | 1 | Topical retinoids may cause skin dryness, irritation, redness, peeling, burning, and increased sun sensitivity. | | 2 | Systemic retinoids can cause a range of adverse effects, including dry mouth, sore throat, skin irritation, liver dysfunction, birth defects, and mood changes. There are specific risks associated with each particular retinoid. |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Pregnancy (especially in early stages) | | 2 | Breastfeeding | | 3 | Known hypersensitivity or allergy to retinoids | | 4 | Severe liver disease | | 5 | Active skin conditions that could worsen with retinoids (e.g., severe dermatitis) | | 6 | Certain eye conditions |
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| interactions | Retinoids can interact with multiple medications, including oral contraceptives, some medications used for acne or other skin conditions, and certain vitamins. Consult with a doctor to evaluate any potential drug interactions if the patient takes other medications. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Retinoids increase photosensitivity. Patients should use sun protection measures (sunscreen, protective clothing) and avoid prolonged sun exposure. | | 2 | Patients with a history of liver disease should be monitored closely when taking systemic retinoids. | | 3 | Care should be taken to avoid excessive use, which can exacerbate side effects. |
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| additional informations | Retinoids are highly effective for certain skin conditions, but their use should be carefully evaluated by a dermatologist or other healthcare professional. It is crucial to follow the prescribed dosage and instructions, and to promptly report any adverse effects to the prescribing physician. The specific retinoid selected for a patient will depend on the individual factors mentioned above, which the treating doctor will consider. |
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