| name | Prochlorperazine |
| Classification | Phenothiazine antiemetic and antipsychotic |
| Pharmacokinetics | Prochlorperazine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Peak plasma concentrations are reached within 1-3 hours. It is extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily to demethylated metabolites. The half-life of the drug can vary depending on the route and individual factors, typically ranging from 8-36 hours. Excretion occurs primarily through the kidneys as metabolites. |
| suggested dosage | | oral | | adult | 2.5-10 mg every 4-6 hours, as needed. Max dose: 100 mg/day. Specific dosage and frequency may vary based on the indication and individual patient response. | | note | Dosage should be individualized and titrated to the minimal effective dose to reduce the risk of side effects. |
| | injectable | | adult | 2.5-10 mg IM or IV as needed. Specific dosage and frequency may vary based on the indication and individual patient response. |
|
|
| indications | | 1 | Nausea and vomiting, including those associated with motion sickness, surgery, and chemotherapy | | 2 | Management of acute psychotic episodes, or as an adjunct to other medications | | 3 | Treatment of hiccups |
|
| Safety in pregnancy | Prochlorperazine use during pregnancy is generally considered to be of potential risk. It may have teratogenic effects, and thus should be used only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. The physician should be consulted in case of pregnancy or possible pregnancy. |
| Safety in breastfeeding | Prochlorperazine is excreted in breast milk. If breastfeeding, the potential benefits of the medication must be weighed against potential risks for the infant. Discontinuation or modification of breastfeeding may be necessary depending on the circumstances. The physician should be consulted in case of breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Sedation | | 2 | Drowsiness | | 3 | Dry mouth | | 4 | Constipation | | 5 | Blurred vision | | 6 | Orthostatic hypotension | | 7 | Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) – including parkinsonism, dystonia, akathisia | | 8 | Tardive dyskinesia (risk increases with duration of use) | | 9 | Jaundice | | 10 | Cardiovascular effects | | 11 | Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (rare but serious) |
|
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to prochlorperazine or other phenothiazines | | 2 | Narrow-angle glaucoma | | 3 | Severe cardiovascular disease | | 4 | Significant liver disease | | 5 | Comatose state |
|
| interactions | | 1 | Alcohol | | 2 | Other CNS depressants (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines) | | 3 | Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) | | 4 | Anticholinergics | | 5 | Certain medications for heart conditions (especially QT prolonging agents) |
|
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Use caution in elderly patients, those with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions, and in patients with a history of EPS or neurological conditions | | 2 | Assess for potential extrapyramidal side effects, especially early in therapy. | | 3 | Closely monitor patients for signs and symptoms of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) | | 4 | Avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication | | 5 | Use with extreme caution in patients with severe liver or kidney disease |
|
| additional informations | | important notes | | 1 | The provided information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered as medical advice. Always consult with a healthcare professional for diagnosis and treatment of any medical condition. | | 2 | Dosage recommendations are general guidelines. Specific dosage adjustments may be necessary based on patient characteristics and response. |
|
|
