| name | Metoclopramide |
| classification | Antiemetic, Prokinetic |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, peak plasma levels within 1-2 hours. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, including the central nervous system (CNS). | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver. | | excretion | Excreted mainly in the urine. |
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| suggested dosage | | adult | | typical nausea | 8 mg orally every 4 hours as needed, maximum 80mg/day; or 10mg intravenously every 15-30 minutes as needed, maximum 30mg/day. | | postoperative nausea | 10-20mg intravenously 30-60 minutes before surgery, followed by 10mg every 4-6 hours as needed. | | other indications | Dosage will vary based on the specific indication and severity of symptoms. |
| | notes | Dosage should be individualized based on patient response and tolerance. Consult a healthcare professional for specific dosage recommendations. |
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| indications | | 1 | Nausea and vomiting associated with various conditions, including postoperative nausea and vomiting, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, gastroparesis, diabetic gastroparesis | | 2 | Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | | 3 | Prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with radiation therapy | | 4 | Promoting gastric emptying in certain situations like delayed gastric emptying |
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| safety in pregnancy | Metoclopramide is a category B drug; use during pregnancy should only be considered if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risks. Consult with a healthcare professional for specific recommendations. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Metoclopramide is excreted into breast milk. Use during breastfeeding should be considered only if the potential benefit outweighs the risk to the infant. Closely monitor the infant for side effects. |
| side effects | | 1 | Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS): Dystonia, akathisia, parkinsonism. Risk increases with higher doses and prolonged use | | 2 | Neuropsychiatric effects: Confusion, hallucinations, anxiety, insomnia, depression | | 3 | Gastrointestinal effects: Diarrhea, constipation, abdominal pain, dry mouth | | 4 | Endocrine effects: Rarely, hyperprolactinemia, which can affect fertility and cause menstrual irregularities in women, and gynecomastia in men | | 5 | Other: Headache, dizziness, fatigue, rash, fever, allergic reactions |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to metoclopramide or any of its components | | 2 | Severe or uncontrolled neurological disorders | | 3 | Patients with a history of significant EPS or tardive dyskinesia | | 4 | Concurrent use with drugs known to prolong QT interval (potentially increasing risk of arrhythmias) |
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| interactions | | 1 | Increased risk of EPS with concurrent use of other neuroleptic medications. Consult with a medical professional. | | 2 | May potentiate the effects of other CNS depressants (alcohol, benzodiazepines) | | 3 | May increase the risk of serotonin syndrome when used with other serotonin-enhancing medications (SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs) | | 4 | May affect the absorption of other medications | | 5 | Consult with a healthcare professional for a complete medication list before starting metoclopramide. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor for extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) and neuropsychiatric adverse effects | | 2 | Patients with pre-existing conditions, such as Parkinson's disease, may have an increased susceptibility to EPS | | 3 | Use caution in patients with liver or kidney impairment | | 4 | Use with caution in the elderly | | 5 | Stop if significant side effects occur |
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| additional information | This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a healthcare professional for any health concerns or before making any decisions related to your health or treatment. |
