| name | Oral Contraceptives (Birth Control Pills) |
| classification | Hormonal Contraceptives |
| pharmacokinetics | Oral contraceptives contain synthetic estrogen and/or progestin hormones. These hormones are absorbed into the bloodstream from the gastrointestinal tract. The hormones then exert their effects on the ovaries, preventing ovulation, thickening cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration, and altering the uterine lining to make implantation less likely. Metabolism and excretion vary based on the specific formulation and individual patient factors. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies widely based on the specific combination of hormones. Always follow the prescribed dosage and instructions provided by a healthcare professional. Typically, a regimen involves daily oral administration. |
| indications | Prevention of pregnancy. |
| safety in pregnancy | Contraindicated. If pregnancy occurs while taking oral contraceptives, discontinue immediately and consult a healthcare professional. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Some formulations may affect breast milk production. Consult with a healthcare professional to discuss the suitability of specific oral contraceptive formulations during breastfeeding. |
| side effects | | 1 | Nausea | | 2 | Vomiting | | 3 | Headaches | | 4 | Breast tenderness | | 5 | Mood changes | | 6 | Weight changes (though usually minor) | | 7 | Spotting or breakthrough bleeding | | 8 | Abdominal pain | | 9 | Bloating | | 10 | Fluid retention | | 11 | Very rarely, more serious side effects like blood clots (venous thromboembolism, VTE), stroke, heart attack, liver problems, and gallbladder disease may occur. Risk factors and individual responses vary significantly. Serious side effects warrant immediate medical attention. |
|
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known or suspected pregnancy | | 2 | History of blood clots (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) | | 3 | Severe liver disease | | 4 | Certain cardiovascular conditions (e.g., uncontrolled hypertension, history of stroke) | | 5 | Known estrogen sensitivity | | 6 | Breast cancer or history of breast cancer |
|
| interactions | | 1 | Certain medications (e.g., antibiotics, antifungals, anticonvulsants) can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you're taking. | | 2 | Herbal remedies or supplements may also interact. |
|
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Regular check-ups with your doctor are recommended to monitor your health and assess the suitability of the oral contraceptives. | | 2 | Be aware of potential side effects and seek immediate medical attention if concerned. | | 3 | Smoking significantly increases the risk of serious cardiovascular side effects. If you smoke, it is vital to discuss this with your healthcare provider to weigh the risks and benefits. | | 4 | If you experience severe pain, persistent headaches, chest pain, visual disturbances, or sudden weakness, seek immediate medical attention. These could be signs of a serious condition that requires immediate treatment. |
|
| additional information | | 1 | Patient age and weight, while factors, are not the sole determinants for oral contraceptive selection. Patient history, pre-existing medical conditions, and other factors influence prescribing decisions. | | 2 | Not all oral contraceptives are alike; individual formulations differ in their hormone content. A healthcare provider will carefully consider your individual needs to select the best option for you. |
|
| patient profile | |
