| drug name | Clindamycin |
| classification | Lincosamides |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Well absorbed orally, but absorption can vary between formulations and may be reduced by food. Bioavailability varies significantly between different forms. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, including lungs, bone, and central nervous system. | | metabolism | Primarily metabolized in the liver, with some elimination through the kidneys, especially in renal impairment. This can lead to accumulation in patients with kidney disease. | | excretion | Primarily via the liver (as metabolites) and the kidneys. |
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| suggested dosage | | oral | Variable, ranging from 150-450 mg every 6 hours or 300-600 mg every 12 hours. Dosage should be adjusted for renal insufficiency. Consult a healthcare professional for specific dosage recommendations. | | iv | Dosage adjustments are necessary based on the patient's renal function and the specific infection being treated. Consult a physician. |
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| indications | | 1 | Bacterial infections of skin, soft tissue, and bone | | 2 | Intra-abdominal infections | | 3 | Respiratory infections | | 4 | Infections involving anaerobic organisms (e.g., Bacteroides) | | 5 | Peptic ulcer disease (related to *H. pylori* treatment) |
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| safety pregnancy | Use during pregnancy only if the potential benefits outweigh the potential risks. Limited data on safety during pregnancy are available. |
| safety breastfeeding | Not recommended during breastfeeding. Clindamycin can be excreted in breast milk, and potential adverse effects to the infant are not fully understood. |
| side effects | | 1 | Diarrhea (including severe and potentially antibiotic-associated colitis) | | 2 | Nausea | | 3 | Vomiting | | 4 | Abdominal cramps | | 5 | Headache | | 6 | Hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rash, itching, anaphylaxis) | | 7 | Superinfection (e.g., *Candida*) | | 8 | C. difficile-associated diarrhea (potentially life-threatening) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Hypersensitivity to clindamycin or other lincosamides | | 2 | History of C. difficile-associated diarrhea or colitis |
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| interactions | May interact with other drugs. Consult a pharmacist or healthcare professional for potential interactions. Interactions can occur with antacids and certain antibiotics, potentially affecting absorption. |
| warnings precautions | | 1 | Monitor for signs of diarrhea and superinfections. | | 2 | Closely monitor patients with renal impairment. | | 3 | Use caution in patients with a history of gastrointestinal problems. | | 4 | Assess for signs of C. difficile infection if diarrhea develops. | | 5 | Avoid use in patients with severe liver disease unless clearly indicated. |
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| additional informations | Clindamycin is a bacteriostatic (or bactericidal, depending on the organism) antibiotic. |
| patient specific considerations | | age | 25 years: no significant dosage adjustment expected | | weight | 70 kg: no significant dosage adjustment expected | | gender | Male: no significant dosage adjustment expected |
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