| drug name | Aminoglycosides |
| classification | Antibiotics |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Variable, often administered intravenously or intramuscularly due to poor oral absorption. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, but concentrations in specific tissues, such as the kidneys, can be high. | | metabolism | Primarily excreted unchanged by the kidneys. | | excretion | Primarily renal excretion. Time to achieve steady state concentration and half-life can vary by specific drug in the class and patient factors (renal function). This is crucial to consider in dosing. |
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| suggested dosage | Variable, dependent on the specific aminoglycoside, the patient's renal function, and the infection being treated. Requires careful monitoring of kidney function and serum drug levels. |
| indications | | 1 | Serious bacterial infections such as pneumonia, sepsis, endocarditis, and infections of the urinary tract, abdomen, bones, and joints. Aminoglycosides are often used in combination with other antibiotics to broaden the spectrum of activity and/or reduce resistance. | | 2 | Often reserved for infections that are considered life-threatening or where other antibiotics are not effective or are contraindicated. |
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| safety in pregnancy | | summary | Aminoglycosides can cross the placenta and potentially harm the developing fetus, especially during the third trimester. Use in pregnancy is generally avoided unless the potential benefit outweighs the risk. | | details | Individualized assessment by a physician is necessary to determine the risk-benefit ratio. Close monitoring of the mother and fetus is required if use is deemed essential. |
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| safety in breastfeeding | | summary | Aminoglycosides can be excreted in breast milk. The potential risk to the infant is generally considered low, but caution should be exercised, especially with high doses and prolonged use. | | details | Consult a physician to weigh the benefit of treatment for the mother versus potential risk to the infant. |
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| side effects | | 1 | Nephrotoxicity (kidney damage) | | 2 | Ototoxicity (hearing and balance problems) | | 3 | Neuromuscular blockade (weakness, paralysis) | | 4 | Allergic reactions | | 5 | Gastrointestinal upset | | 6 | Hypotension (low blood pressure) |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides | | 2 | Severe renal impairment | | 3 | Pre-existing hearing loss or neuromuscular disorders. |
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| interactions | | 1 | Other nephrotoxic medications | | 2 | Certain medications affecting neuromuscular function | | 3 | Can potentially interact with drugs that impact kidney function | | 4 | Careful monitoring for interactions with other drugs is essential when aminoglycosides are co-administered. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor kidney function closely, including serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). | | 2 | Assess hearing and balance regularly. | | 3 | Monitor for signs and symptoms of neuromuscular blockade (muscle weakness, paralysis). | | 4 | Be cautious in patients with pre-existing kidney or hearing problems | | 5 | Dose adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment. | | 6 | Aminoglycosides can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure, especially during initial administration |
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| additional informations | | 1 | Aminoglycosides are a diverse class of drugs. Specific properties and precautions vary by drug within this class. | | 2 | Patients should be informed about the importance of following prescribed dosages and duration of treatment. This is essential to prevent the emergence of drug resistance. | | 3 | Always consult with a healthcare professional for appropriate diagnosis and personalized treatment plan. |
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| patient data | | age | 25 | | weight | 70 | | gender | male | | additional medical history | None Provided | | renal function | Normal |
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