| drug name | Carbapenems |
| classification | Broad-spectrum antibiotics |
| pharmacokinetics | Carbapenems are administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Absorption varies based on the specific carbapenem and route. Distribution is extensive, crossing the blood-brain barrier. Excretion is primarily renal, with metabolites also being excreted. Individual variability in metabolism and excretion exists and can be influenced by renal function. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly based on the specific carbapenem, infection severity, patient renal function, and other factors. A healthcare professional must determine appropriate dosage recommendations. |
| indications | Carbapenems are used to treat a broad range of bacterial infections, including serious life-threatening infections like pneumonia, sepsis, and intra-abdominal infections. They are particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria. Specific indications and optimal duration of therapy must be determined by a healthcare provider. |
| safety in pregnancy | Carbapenems can be used in pregnancy, but potential risks and benefits must be carefully considered. Consultation with an obstetrician is strongly recommended. Limited long-term data exist regarding use during pregnancy. Use only if potential benefit outweighs potential risk. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Carbapenems are excreted in breast milk. However, infant exposure is generally considered low. The decision to continue breastfeeding should be made in consultation with a healthcare provider, balancing the potential benefit of breastfeeding against potential risk to the infant. |
| side effects | Common side effects include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and allergic reactions. Less common but potentially serious side effects include seizures (especially in patients with a history of seizure disorders or impaired kidney function), antibiotic-associated colitis, and superinfections (growth of other resistant organisms). |
| alternatives | | 1 | | alternative drug | Penicillins | | notes | Effective against some, but not all bacterial infections. May be a suitable alternative in some cases, but less effective against certain organisms resistant to Penicillins. |
| | 2 | | alternative drug | Cephalosporins | | notes | Generally similar activity against many bacterial organisms, but with differences in spectrum of activity. Some are less prone to side effects than carbapenems, or more practical in certain situations. |
| | 3 | | alternative drug | Aminoglycosides | | notes | Effective against certain Gram-negative bacteria, sometimes used in combination therapy when carbapenems are less effective. |
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| contraindications | Patients with known hypersensitivity to carbapenems or related drugs, or to any component of the formulation, should not receive carbapenem therapy. Patients with severe renal impairment may need dosage adjustments or alternative therapies. |
| interactions | Carbapenems can interact with other drugs. Concurrent use of certain drugs, such as neuromuscular blocking agents, may increase the risk of respiratory depression. Consult a pharmacist or physician regarding potential interactions with other medications. |
| warnings and precautions | Monitor for signs of allergic reactions, particularly in patients with a history of allergies. Patients with impaired kidney function may require dose adjustments. Monitor kidney function regularly. Use caution in patients with a history of seizures or central nervous system disorders. |
| additional information | Numerous carbapenem antibiotics exist, each with slightly different properties. The specific carbapenem selected for treatment depends on the infecting organism, the severity of infection, and patient-specific factors. |
