| drug name | Serotonin Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRIs) |
| classification | Antidepressants |
| pharmacokinetics | | general | SNRIs increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine in the brain by blocking their reuptake. The specific pharmacokinetic profiles vary significantly between different SNRI medications. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination rates differ, influencing their potency and duration of action. Food can affect absorption of some SNRIs. | | absorption | Oral absorption is generally good, varying depending on the specific SNRI. | | metabolism | Metabolism typically occurs in the liver, with variable pathways. Some SNRIs may be metabolized through the cytochrome P450 system, potentially leading to interactions with other drugs. | | half life | Half-lives range from a few hours to several days, affecting the frequency of dosing. | | excretion | Excretion is predominantly through the kidneys, with some metabolites also being excreted. |
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| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly between different SNRIs and individual patient responses. Initiation and titration of dosage should be under close medical supervision. Starting low and gradually increasing dosage to optimal effect is common practice to minimize side effects. |
| indications | SNRIs are primarily used to treat major depressive disorder (MDD). They can also be effective for generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social anxiety disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and chronic pain conditions like fibromyalgia and neuropathic pain. |
| safety in pregnancy | Pregnancy is a complex issue for SNRIs, and their use should be carefully considered. While some data suggest no significant increased risk of birth defects, there are concerns about potential effects on the developing fetus, so individual risk-benefit assessments are essential in consultation with a specialist. A healthcare provider should be informed of the pregnancy immediately. |
| safety in breastfeeding | SNRIs can pass into breast milk, and potential effects on the infant are unclear. Carefully weigh the benefits and risks with a healthcare professional before using if breastfeeding is desired. |
| side effects | | 1 | Common side effects can include nausea, headache, insomnia, dizziness, sexual dysfunction, and sweating. More serious side effects, though less frequent, are possible and include serotonin syndrome, hyponatremia, and increased blood pressure. | | 2 | Individual responses vary widely. | | 3 | Monitor for any unusual or worsening symptoms. |
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| contraindications | Severe cardiovascular conditions, uncontrolled high blood pressure, use of MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors), or known hypersensitivity to SNRIs are key contraindications. Caution should be exercised for individuals with a history of bipolar disorder, as some SNRIs may increase the risk of manic episodes. |
| interactions | Many medications and supplements can interact with SNRIs, potentially leading to dangerous or unwanted effects. These interactions may involve increased or decreased drug activity. It is critical to inform all healthcare providers of all medications, supplements, and over-the-counter medications you are taking. |
| warnings and precautions | Patients should be monitored for suicidal thoughts or worsening depression. Patients with existing or possible conditions such as seizures, liver disease, kidney dysfunction or glaucoma need to exercise caution. Increased risk for bleeding issues exists for patients taking other medications that increase bleeding risk. |
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| additional informations | Individual responses to SNRIs can vary greatly. Dosage adjustments and/or switching medications may be necessary to achieve optimal therapeutic effect while minimizing side effects. |
| patient specific notes | | age | 25 years | | weight | 70 kg | | additional considerations | No specific patient-related information is needed to provide general information on SNRIs. Specific considerations will depend on the individual's history, health condition, and response to medications. |
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