| drug name | Isosorbide Dinitrate |
| classification | Nitrate vasodilator, Antianginal |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, with peak plasma concentrations typically occurring within 1-2 hours of oral administration. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, with high concentrations found in the vascular smooth muscle. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver to nitric oxide, which is the active vasodilating metabolite. First pass metabolism is significant. | | excretion | Excreted primarily as metabolites in the urine. |
|
| suggested dosage | | oral | | initial | 2.5-10 mg orally, every 4-6 hours, as needed. | | adult maintenance | 5-40 mg orally, every 4-6 hours, as needed. Dosage may need titration based on individual response and tolerability. It's important to consult a physician to determine the appropriate dosage. | | special instructions | Start with lower doses and gradually increase as needed. Not all patients respond equally to the drug. |
| | other forms | Other formulations (e.g., sublingual, intravenous) are available, but are typically used in specific clinical settings and under the supervision of a healthcare professional. | | patient specific considerations | Dosage adjustments may be necessary based on individual factors like age, renal function, hepatic function, and overall health status. |
|
| indications | | 1 | Prevention and treatment of angina pectoris (chest pain) | | 2 | Treatment of heart failure (in specific clinical contexts, typically in combination with other medications) |
|
| safety in pregnancy | | category | C | | description | Limited data suggests potential risk to the fetus. Should be used only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Isosorbide dinitrate should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks, which is determined on a case-by-case basis by a medical professional. Pregnant women should discuss this with their physician. |
|
| safety in breastfeeding | | category | Unknown | | description | It is not known whether isosorbide dinitrate is excreted in breast milk or if it may cause harm to the nursing infant. Should not be used during breastfeeding unless the benefits outweigh the risks, which is determined on a case-by-case basis by a medical professional. The patient should discuss this with her physician. |
|
| side effects | | 1 | Headache | | 2 | Dizziness | | 3 | Lightheadedness | | 4 | Flushing | | 5 | Hypotension (low blood pressure) | | 6 | Tachycardia (rapid heart rate) | | 7 | Nausea | | 8 | Vomiting | | 9 | Fainting | | 10 | Abdominal pain | | 11 | diarrhea | | 12 | constipation |
|
| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Hypersensitivity to nitrates | | 2 | Severe hypotension | | 3 | Closed-angle glaucoma | | 4 | Recent stroke or MI. | | 5 | concurrent use with PDE5 inhibitors (like sildenafil, tadalafil) |
|
| interactions | | 1 | Other antihypertensive medications | | 2 | Alcohol | | 3 | PDE5 inhibitors (e.g., sildenafil, tadalafil): can cause serious hypotension | | 4 | Alpha-blockers: additive hypotensive effects |
|
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Patients with known cardiovascular disease must be closely monitored by a physician. | | 2 | Avoid abrupt discontinuation of the medication. | | 3 | Can cause significant hypotension, especially in patients with pre-existing low blood pressure. Patients should report any significant dizziness or lightheadedness immediately. | | 4 | May interact with other medications, and therefore careful monitoring and assessment is required. Regular monitoring and consultation with a physician are necessary. |
|
| additional informations | | 1 | Isosorbide dinitrate is available in different forms like oral tablets, sublingual tablets. The most common route of administration is oral. It is crucial to follow your physician's instructions and schedule for administration. | | 2 | Drug should be stored in a cool, dark, and dry place, as recommended by your healthcare provider. | | 3 | May cause a tolerance effect over time. The patient should consult with their physician and seek advice for possible dosage adjustments. | | 4 | Patients with hypotension, anemia, or a history of syncope must use caution or discuss treatment with their healthcare provider. |
|
| patient specific details | | age | 25 years | | weight | 70 kg | | additional notes | Additional patient-specific considerations or medical history should be included here by a medical professional. |
|
