| name | Hydroquinone |
| formulations | | 1 | | name | Hydroquinone topical cream 2% | | description | Cream for topical application, typically for skin lightening. Contains 2% hydroquinone. | | dosage form | cream | | concentration | 2% |
| | 2 | | name | Hydroquinone topical solution 4% | | description | Solution for topical application, typically for skin lightening. Contains 4% hydroquinone. | | dosage form | solution | | concentration | 4% |
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| classification | Skin-lightening agent, Tyrosinase inhibitor |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Topically applied hydroquinone is absorbed into the skin, but systemic absorption is low. Absorption can vary by formulation. | | distribution | Absorbed hydroquinone is distributed throughout the treated skin area. | | metabolism | Metabolized primarily in the liver. | | excretion | Excreted mainly in the urine. |
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| suggested dosage | | topical | Consult a dermatologist or healthcare professional for appropriate dosage, as it varies based on specific formulation, skin condition, and treatment goals. Generally, 2% to 4% topical concentrations are most common. Avoid exceeding recommended use durations. |
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| indications | | 1 | Treatment of hyperpigmentation (e.g., melasma, freckles, age spots, sunspots) | | 2 | Treatment of epidermal pigmentation disorders |
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| safety in pregnancy | Limited data available. Avoid use during pregnancy unless the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Consult with a healthcare professional. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Limited data. Avoid use during breastfeeding unless the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk. Consult with a healthcare professional. |
| side effects | | 1 | Skin irritation (e.g., redness, itching, dryness, burning) | | 2 | Skin discoloration (e.g., hypopigmentation, uneven skin tone) | | 3 | Allergic reactions (e.g., rash, hives) | | 4 | Rarely, systemic effects (if significantly absorbed). This is more likely with formulations not intended for topical use, or in patients with compromised skin barrier. |
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| alternatives | | 1 | | drug | Kojic acid | | description | Another tyrosinase inhibitor, potentially a safer alternative for some patients with skin sensitivities. |
| | 2 | | drug | Azelaic acid | | description | Effective for treating hyperpigmentation, but potentially less potent than hydroquinone. |
| | 3 | | drug | Vitamin C Serum | | description | Used for skin brightening and improving skin texture. May not be as effective on significant pigmentation. |
| | 4 | | drug | Tretinoin | | description | Can improve skin texture and reduce hyperpigmentation, however, its primary role is not hyperpigmentation treatment. |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to hydroquinone | | 2 | Open wounds or lesions on the treatment area | | 3 | Use on mucous membranes |
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| interactions | | other drugs | Inform your healthcare provider about all medications, supplements, or herbal remedies you are taking, as some may interact with hydroquinone. | | other topical agents | Use of other topical agents (including retinoids and certain exfoliants) may increase skin sensitivity to hydroquinone. |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Start with a low concentration and gradually increase if tolerated. Avoid prolonged use without professional guidance. | | 2 | Perform a patch test before widespread use on the skin to check for allergic reactions. | | 3 | Do not use on large skin areas or for prolonged durations without consultation with a medical professional. | | 4 | Protect treated skin from the sun, as it may be more sensitive. | | 5 | Patients should be aware of the potential for uneven skin tone (hypopigmentation). | | 6 | May cause temporary darkening or a brownish discoloration on the skin in some patients when initially started. |
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| additional informations | Always consult a dermatologist or other qualified healthcare professional before starting any skin-lightening treatment. They can assess your individual needs and provide the appropriate guidance. |
