| name | Hydrochlorothiazide |
| classification | Thiazide diuretic |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. | | distribution | Distributed throughout the body, with high concentrations in the kidneys and liver. Distribution is influenced by albumin and tissue binding. | | metabolism | Minimal hepatic metabolism. Primarily excreted unchanged in the urine. | | excretion | Excreted primarily in the urine, with a half-life ranging from 6-15 hours |
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| suggested dosage | | adults | | initial | 12.5 to 50 mg orally daily. | | maintenance | 12.5 to 25 mg once daily, or in divided doses as needed. Higher doses (25 - 100 mg daily) may be used for treatment of more severe hypertension. | | note | Dosage will be individualized based on patient response, tolerability, and presence of other medical conditions. |
| | weight specific | This information does not address specific dosage adjustments based on weight in a way that is considered suitable for medical advice. Specific dosing must be determined by a qualified healthcare professional. |
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| indications | | 1 | Essential hypertension | | 2 | Edema associated with congestive heart failure, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome | | 3 | Hypercalciuria |
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| safety in pregnancy | Use during pregnancy only if clearly needed, and potential benefits outweigh risks. Consult with a physician about potential risks to the developing fetus. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Excreted in breast milk. Caution is advised and careful consideration of the benefits versus risks, potential for adverse effects in the infant should be assessed by a physician. |
| side effects | | 1 | Headache | | 2 | Dizziness | | 3 | Lightheadedness | | 4 | Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea | | 5 | Electrolyte imbalances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypomagnesemia) | | 6 | Increased blood sugar (hyperglycemia) | | 7 | Photosensitivity | | 8 | Fatigue | | 9 | Muscle cramps | | 10 | Urinary frequency | | 11 | Dehydration |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Hypersensitivity to thiazides or sulfonamide-derived drugs | | 2 | Severe renal impairment | | 3 | Anuria | | 4 | Severe hepatic impairment | | 5 | Pre-existing electrolyte imbalances | | 6 | Lactation |
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| interactions | | 1 | Increases the risk of digoxin toxicity | | 2 | Increases the effect of antidiabetic drugs | | 3 | Increases the risk of lithium toxicity | | 4 | May decrease effectiveness of antihypertensives | | 5 | May increase the risk of ototoxicity with aminoglycoside antibiotics | | 6 | May decrease effectiveness of antihypertensives |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Monitor blood pressure and electrolytes regularly. | | 2 | Caution in patients with gout or renal insufficiency. | | 3 | Patients with a history of allergies may be more susceptible to allergic reactions. | | 4 | Avoid use in patients with kidney or liver disease unless potential benefits clearly outweigh the risks. | | 5 | Ensure appropriate hydration |
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| additional informations | | important notes | Hydrochlorothiazide is a powerful diuretic. It is essential to monitor blood pressure and electrolytes closely. If symptoms arise, consult your physician immediately. |
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| patient profile | |
