| drug name | Vitamin D supplements combined with calcium |
| classification | Nutritional supplements |
| pharmacokinetics | Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of bile salts. It is then metabolized in the liver to 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and further metabolized in the kidney to its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Calcium absorption is enhanced by vitamin D, and its absorption is also affected by dietary factors, such as phytates and oxalates. The rate and extent of absorption are also influenced by the formulation and presence of other components like calcium salts (e.g., calcium carbonate). The body stores vitamin D in adipose tissue. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies significantly based on individual needs and deficiencies. Consult a healthcare professional for personalized recommendations. Common dosages range from 400 to 800 IU (international units) daily of vitamin D, and 500 to 1200 mg of calcium daily. Always follow the prescribed dosage and instructions on the product label. |
| indications | Prophylaxis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency. Used in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis, especially in postmenopausal women. May also be used to treat or prevent other conditions associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiency. |
| safety in pregnancy | Vitamin D supplementation is generally considered safe during pregnancy, but the dosage must be carefully monitored and prescribed by a healthcare professional. Adequate vitamin D is crucial for fetal development. High doses should be avoided. Consult a doctor for dosage recommendations and potential interactions. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Vitamin D and calcium are generally considered safe during breastfeeding, but careful monitoring is needed based on the patient's needs and individual circumstances. Consult a doctor for appropriate dosage recommendations. |
| side effects | At recommended doses, vitamin D and calcium supplements are usually well-tolerated. However, high doses can lead to hypercalcemia (elevated calcium levels in the blood), which can cause nausea, vomiting, constipation, kidney stones, and weakness. Other potential side effects include headache, loss of appetite, and increased thirst. Stop taking the supplement and contact a doctor immediately if you experience any of these symptoms. |
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| contraindications | Patients with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria (high calcium in urine), kidney stones, or sarcoidosis should avoid high doses of vitamin D and calcium, or be closely monitored by a healthcare professional. Patients with certain medical conditions (e.g., kidney failure, heart problems, hyperparathyroidism, and others) should also consult a doctor before taking vitamin D and calcium supplements. Always discuss potential interactions with other medications. Pregnancy or breastfeeding shouldn't cause an automatic contraindication, but require medical supervision. |
| interactions | Vitamin D and calcium supplements can interact with certain medications, such as corticosteroids, thiazide diuretics, and some antibiotics. Always inform your doctor about all medications you're taking, including over-the-counter drugs and herbal supplements. |
| warnings and precautions | Individuals with conditions like kidney disease, sarcoidosis, or certain cancers may require modified vitamin D and calcium intake. Always follow the prescribed dosage and instructions on the product label. Do not exceed the recommended dosage without consulting a physician. Laboratory testing (blood tests) may be required to monitor vitamin D and calcium levels, especially during long-term supplementation. Monitor for signs of high blood calcium levels. |
| additional informations | Vitamin D and calcium should be taken as a part of a comprehensive health plan and not in isolation. Dietary intake of calcium and vitamin D sources like dairy products, fortified foods, and sunlight (for vitamin D) can also contribute to optimal health. The patient's age, diet, and overall health status influence individual needs and responses to supplementation. Consult a doctor before starting any vitamin D or calcium supplement regimen. |
| patient profile | |
