| name | Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) |
| classification | Biomaterial, bone graft substitute, filler |
| pharmacokinetics | PMMA is not systemically absorbed. Its presence and degradation are localized to the implantation site. Pharmacokinetic data for systemic absorption is not available and therefore not applicable for oral or intravenous administration. |
| dosage | Dosage is not applicable in a systemic sense. PMMA use involves specific medical procedures, with amount, viscosity, and composition dependent on the procedure and desired outcome. |
| indications | PMMA is primarily used as a bone graft substitute, to fill defects, and in various reconstructive surgeries (orthopedics, plastic/maxillofacial, cardiac, e.g., artificial heart valves). It can also be used as a filler in aesthetic applications. Specific indication depends on the application and implantation site. |
| safety pregnancy | Limited data exists regarding PMMA use in pregnancy. No significant risk is anticipated if used as indicated, but further research and clinical experience are needed. |
| safety breastfeeding | Limited data exists regarding PMMA use in breastfeeding mothers. No significant risk is anticipated if used as indicated, but further research and clinical experience are needed. |
| side effects | | 1 | | effect | Local inflammation, swelling, and pain at the implantation site | | severity | Mild to Moderate |
| | 2 | | effect | Infection at the implantation site | | severity | Moderate to Severe |
| | 3 | | effect | Rejection or encapsulation | | severity | Moderate to Severe |
| | 4 | | effect | Adverse effects related to mechanical stress, improper fitting, or use, such as fractures, bone resorption, and extrusion | | severity | Moderate to Severe |
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| alternatives | | 1 | | alternative | Other bone graft substitutes (autografts, allografts, xenografts) | | comments | These alternatives have varying risks and benefits specific to the patient and procedure. |
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| contraindications | | 1 | Known allergy to PMMA or its components | | 2 | Uncontrolled infection at the intended implantation site | | 3 | Inability to tolerate surgical procedures | | 4 | Active bleeding disorders |
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| interactions | PMMA itself typically does not interact systemically with other drugs. However, potential interactions exist based on concomitant medications, procedure, and resultant systemic effects. Consult with a medical professional for specific recommendations. |
| warnings | | 1 | Careful patient selection and surgical planning are necessary | | 2 | Post-operative monitoring is essential | | 3 | Potential complications of PMMA use must be considered based on the specific surgical application |
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| precautions | Assessment of patient medical history, prior surgeries, existing conditions, and allergies is necessary. |
| additional information | PMMA is a synthetic polymer. Specific PMMA types exist with varying properties. PMMA use is site- and procedure-specific. Consult with a medical professional for personalized recommendations. |
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