| drug | Diazepam |
| classification | Benzodiazepine, Central Nervous System Depressant |
| pharmacokinetics | | absorption | Rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with peak plasma levels typically occurring within 1-2 hours. | | distribution | Widely distributed throughout the body, crossing the blood-brain barrier. | | metabolism | Primarily metabolized in the liver, with some active metabolites produced. | | excretion | Excreted primarily in urine, both as unchanged drug and metabolites. |
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| suggested dosage | | oral | | anxiety | 2-10 mg orally every 4-6 hours as needed. Initial dosage may start at 2 mg and increased gradually as needed based on clinical response and tolerability. | | other indications | Dosages can vary significantly depending on the specific indication. Consult a physician for appropriate dosage recommendations. |
| | important note | The provided dosage is a general guideline. Dosage must be tailored for each individual patient based on their specific condition, response to treatment, and other medications being taken. Never adjust dosage without consulting a physician. |
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| indications | | 1 | Anxiety disorders | | 2 | Muscle spasms | | 3 | Status epilepticus | | 4 | Alcohol withdrawal | | 5 | Preoperative sedation |
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| safety in pregnancy | Diazepam can cross the placental barrier. Use during pregnancy should be carefully considered and only under direct medical supervision. Potential risks to the fetus exist, and the potential benefits should be weighed against the potential risks. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Diazepam is excreted in breast milk. It is generally advised to discontinue breastfeeding or avoid diazepam if breastfeeding is desired. |
| side effects | | 1 | Drowsiness | | 2 | Confusion | | 3 | Headache | | 4 | Lightheadedness | | 5 | Loss of coordination | | 6 | Unsteadiness | | 7 | Respiratory depression (at high doses or in vulnerable individuals) | | 8 | Nausea | | 9 | Vomiting | | 10 | Constipation | | 11 | Diarrhea | | 12 | Dry mouth | | 13 | Increased appetite |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to diazepam or other benzodiazepines | | 2 | Acute narrow-angle glaucoma | | 3 | Severe respiratory insufficiency | | 4 | Myasthenia gravis | | 5 | Sleep apnea |
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| interactions | | 1 | Alcohol | | 2 | Other CNS depressants | | 3 | CYP3A4 inhibitors | | 4 | CYP3A4 inducers |
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| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Avoid sudden cessation of therapy, as withdrawal symptoms may occur | | 2 | Use with caution in elderly or debilitated patients due to increased sensitivity and slower metabolism | | 3 | Monitor for respiratory depression in patients with underlying respiratory problems | | 4 | Caution should be exercised when operating machinery or driving vehicles | | 5 | Patients with a history of substance abuse may be at higher risk of addiction or dependence |
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| additional information | Diazepam is a potent sedative and should only be taken as prescribed by a healthcare professional. Avoid exceeding the prescribed dosage or duration of treatment. It's crucial to follow your doctor's instructions carefully, including any necessary monitoring and follow-up appointments. This information is not a substitute for professional medical advice. |
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