| name | Dexamethasone |
| Classification | Glucocorticoid, Synthetic Corticosteroid |
| Pharmacokinetics | Dexamethasone is rapidly absorbed from various routes of administration. Its primary metabolic pathway involves hepatic oxidation. The drug exhibits high protein binding, primarily to albumin. Excretion occurs primarily via the liver, with some renal clearance. The half-life can vary depending on the route and dosage but generally falls within 3-4 hours. Its long half-life makes it suitable for once- or twice-daily dosing, especially in situations where prolonged systemic effects are required. |
| suggested dosage | | oral | 2-16 mg/day, divided doses, depending on the indication. | | parenteral | 0.5-16 mg/day, as intravenous or intramuscular injections; dosage and frequency depend on the clinical need. For example, in severe allergic reactions, a single bolus dose of 4-12 mg IV may be given. | | important note | Dosage should be individualized based on the specific clinical condition being treated and patient response. |
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| indications | | 1 | Inflammatory conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, asthma) | | 2 | Allergic reactions (e.g., anaphylaxis) | | 3 | Cerebral edema (post-operative or trauma) | | 4 | Brain tumors | | 5 | Bone marrow transplantation | | 6 | Some types of cancer | | 7 | Suppression of the immune system before and after some surgical procedures |
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| safety in pregnancy | Dexamethasone can cross the placenta. While generally considered safe during early pregnancy, its use in later stages should be carefully weighed against potential risks to the fetus. It's crucial to discuss use during pregnancy with a physician due to potential risks to the unborn child. Dosage and duration of treatment should be the lowest possible and monitored carefully. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Dexamethasone is excreted in breast milk, though in minimal amounts. The potential risk to the infant is generally considered low. However, it is still essential to discuss use with a breastfeeding mother and her physician to assess the potential risks and benefits. |
| side effects | | 1 | Increased appetite and weight gain | | 2 | Osteoporosis | | 3 | Cushing's syndrome (with prolonged use) | | 4 | Mood changes | | 5 | Diabetes | | 6 | Fluid retention | | 7 | High blood pressure | | 8 | Increased risk of infections | | 9 | Peptic ulcers | | 10 | Muscle weakness | | 11 | Delayed wound healing | | 12 | Glaucoma | | 13 | Hyperglycemia | | 14 | Growth retardation in children (with long-term use) | | 15 | Increased susceptibility to infection |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Known hypersensitivity to dexamethasone or other corticosteroids | | 2 | Active peptic ulcer | | 3 | Systemic fungal infections | | 4 | Uncontrolled diabetes |
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| interactions | Dexamethasone can interact with numerous medications, including certain antibiotics, immunosuppressants, diuretics, and certain anti-inflammatory drugs, potentially increasing side effects or reducing efficacy. Consult with a physician or pharmacist about any medications you're currently taking. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Use caution in patients with a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, or peptic ulcers. | | 2 | Tapering is important when discontinuing long-term use to prevent adrenal insufficiency. | | 3 | Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection in patients receiving prolonged therapy. | | 4 | Monitor blood glucose levels in patients with diabetes or those at risk for developing diabetes. |
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| additional informations | Dexamethasone has a rapid onset of action, making it suitable for treating acute inflammatory conditions. The patient's age and weight are not directly relevant to the dosage calculation. However, they are factors influencing the potential for adverse effects, which should be considered and discussed with the treating physician. |
| patient age | 25 years |
| patient weight | 70 kg |
