| name | Bisphosphonates |
| classification | Antiresorptive agents, primarily used for osteoporosis and other bone disorders. |
| pharmacokinetics | Bisphosphonates are poorly absorbed orally, with significant first-pass metabolism. They bind strongly to bone mineral, leading to prolonged retention and inhibition of bone resorption. The duration of action and elimination vary depending on the specific bisphosphonate. |
| suggested dosage | Dosage varies greatly depending on the specific bisphosphonate and the condition being treated. Consult a healthcare professional for appropriate dosage recommendations for a 25-year-old male weighing 70kg. |
| indications | | 1 | Postmenopausal osteoporosis | | 2 | Osteoporosis in men | | 3 | Paget's disease of bone | | 4 | Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis | | 5 | Multiple myeloma | | 6 | Other bone malignancies | | 7 | Other skeletal diseases |
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| safety in pregnancy | Bisphosphonates should be used in pregnancy only if the potential benefit outweighs the potential risk to the developing fetus. Limited data is available on the effects of bisphosphonates during pregnancy. Women of childbearing potential should avoid bisphosphonates, and a pregnancy test is strongly recommended before initiating therapy. A healthcare professional should evaluate the benefits and risks. |
| safety in breastfeeding | Bisphosphonates are excreted in breast milk, with potential for infant exposure. Their safety during breastfeeding is not fully established. Discontinuation of breastfeeding or use of the drug should be considered by the patient and healthcare provider. |
| side effects | | 1 | Gastrointestinal upset (e.g., heartburn, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting) | | 2 | Esophageal ulcers and strictures (rare but severe) | | 3 | Jaw osteonecrosis (ONJ) (rare but serious, especially in patients with cancer or undergoing dental procedures) | | 4 | Atypical femoral fractures (rare) | | 5 | Muscle pain | | 6 | Headache | | 7 | Fatigue |
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| alternatives | |
| contraindications | | 1 | Hypersensitivity to bisphosphonates | | 2 | Inability to stand or sit upright for at least 60 minutes after taking the drug | | 3 | Severely impaired renal function | | 4 | Esophageal abnormalities or dysphagia |
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| interactions | Several medications and supplements may interact with bisphosphonates. Specific interactions are dependent on the particular bisphosphonate used and the interacting substance. Consult a healthcare professional before combining bisphosphonates with other medications or supplements. |
| warnings and precautions | | 1 | Risk of esophageal irritation and ulcers with oral bisphosphonates. | | 2 | Patients should take bisphosphonates with a full glass of water and remain upright for at least 30-60 minutes after administration. | | 3 | Patients undergoing dental procedures may require close monitoring if taking bisphosphonates. | | 4 | Increased risk of fracture (atypical femoral fractures) has been associated with long-term use. | | 5 | Renal function should be monitored in patients taking bisphosphonates. |
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| additional information | Individualized treatment is crucial. A healthcare professional should determine the optimal treatment regimen, considering factors such as the patient's specific condition, medical history, and other medications. |
| patient profile | |
